What is Sambar?
Sambar is an Indian spice blend made with various spices including red chili pepper, coriander, cumin, curry, cinnamon and many other flavors of spices and herbs. It is a dark golden/orange color and tastes spicy and hot with hints of sweetness and a zesty green touch of lemongrass. Sambar is used for soups, street food and other dishes.
Ingredients
Botanically the chili pepper is a fruit, in culinary terms it is a vegetable. There are a number of varieties of red chili peppers. Some common ones used for spice powders and seasonings include the piri piri, cayenne, and chile de árbol, among others. Each pepper is red and has a thin skin with a thin flesh and seeds inside the middle of the pepper. The shape varies, but is often thin and tapered. The heat level varies also, depending on the type of pepper. Some are mildly hot, while other red chilies are scorching and fiery. The pepper can be used fresh in many dishes, as well as dried or powdered.
Cumin is a spice used in many cuisines around the world. The seed from which cumin is ground is a thin seed with a long body and tapered ends. Cumin is just a few millimeters in length and has a light brown or tan tone, which can look a bit grey. Ground cumin is light brown and has a flavor that is spicy, earthy and a little nutty. When pan heated, the flavor of cumin is both tempered and enhanced.
Pulses are a dried legume that include lentils, dry peas and any legume including black beans, kidney beans and lima beans. Pulses do not include soybeans, peanuts and fresh peas. Pulses are always hard and dry until cooked. They come in different shapes and colors, but are always small and round or oblong. Once cooked pulses have a meaty texture and a mild flavor that varies from pulse to pulse.
Fenugreek seeds are a small and extremely hard seed. They have a rough square shape and are smaller than an apple seed, with a beige color. When exposed to water these seeds slowly soften and offer a flavor that is sweet and nutty, much like a cross between maple and celery. Fenugreek is used in Indian cuisine as a spice and can be found in various cuisines around the world.
Mustard powder is made from ground mustard seeds. Mustard seeds are roughly the size of a pinhead and have a spicy and hot flavor with sharpness. Mustard varies in color from white, to yellow, brown and dark black. Most mustard powder is made from white or yellow mustard seeds, but any variety can be used. The powder is finely textured and tastes just like the seed. It is used as a spice.
Curry leaves are a small dark green leaf with tapered ends and a thin body. They are about in inch long and are often sold dried. Curry leaves are very aromatic and used in South and East Asian cuisine for its bright flavor. The flavor is almost citrusy, with a pungent note to them. They pair well in Thai and Indian dishes and add a pop of unexpected flavor, as they are often used whole.
Bay leaves are commonly bought dried, though can be used fresh. Once dried, they are a muted green color, bordering on grey. Each end comes to a point and the scent is green, floral and similar to thyme. One or two bay leaves are enough to flavor a large pot of soup. The flavor it lends is herbal and almost spicy, without any heat. Bay leaves should not be consumed as the flavor is pungent and bitter when not distributed through a dish.
The peppercorn plant grows in tropical climate and produces tiny black fruit. The fruit is dried and become hard. At this point it is ground into a textured powder comprised of black and grey dots. It has a flavor that is spicy, pungent and sharp. Pepper is an extremely popular spice, especially in Western cuisines and lends a gentle heat to dishes. There are different varieties of black pepper and the flavor changes subtly because of this.
Garlic is used in cuisines around the world and is extremely popular for its depth of flavor. The garlic bulb forms underneath the soil and is harvested once it reaches maturity. The bulb typically has thin, dry, white and flaky skin, surrounding the individual cloves. Often there are 10-12 cloves to a bulb/head of garlic. The cloves are cream colored with a strong smell and flavor that is spicy and sharp. Garlic takes on a nutty flavor in addition, when cooked. It is used in countless dishes, sauces, breads and more.
Ginger is a spice whose root is used in food around the world. The root is grown underground and has a hard body and thin beige skin. The root has many rounded and long shoots and is often fat. The flesh of the ginger is golden colored with a flavor that is earthy, spicy and bright. Ginger is made into tea, used in sauces, desserts and savory dishes.
Ground cinnamon is a fine aromatic powder made from the bark of the cinnamon tree, also known as cassia; another variety. The bark is peeled from the tree, dried and ground into the warm brown powder that is known as cinnamon. The flavor is spicy, warm and sweet and savory at the same time. It is extremely popular in many cuisines and common in American desserts.
Canola oil is a popular and readily available oil in America, due to its inexpensive price and neutral flavor. Canola oil comes from the rapeseed plant, the oil is pressed from the seeds and has a yellow color. It is a thin oil that is best for medium high heat, such as sautéing, though is commonly used for deep frying. Canola can be found in baked good, salad dressings, and a vast variety of food products.
